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A doctorate in theoretical physics tells the reporter that are already famous gravitational waves and why care so much for understanding the universe around us . Fernando Nunez-Noda
The impact of the work of Albert Einstein is so cotundente, reaching philosophy and other fields, but starts in physics in understanding the universe that we can observe and to an extent, to size. So the news of the confirmation of a prediction of Einstein centenary, the existence of gravitational waves, was world news.
In its 1916 general relativity, the famous scientist suggested that gravity was a deformation spacetimes (two dimensions previously understood as separate and Eintein united in the single concept). Spacetime was disturbed by the mass, say a planet for example, and bent so that nearby objects “rolled” to him, usually in concentric circles (the orbit of a moon, for example). Gravity makes approaching and turning away, so there’s a balance.
Gravity, therefore, was not a “force” as stated from Newton, but an interaction between different types of energy. This distortion in the fabric of space-time had to generate some kind of mark pulse. Eintein saw him as waves of pure gravitational effect.
But here comes this reporter. We need a scientific and Alexandra Castro, PhD in theoretical physics researcher and communicator of science, so that we can know the nature and significance of these gravitational waves that half the world is talking about.
What are gravitational waves predicted by Einstein and recently validated? Just as water waves are deformations of the surface that spread, caused by an event that disturb, gravitational waves are distortions of spacetime that propagate produced by any event that involves gravity. This includes moving masses, collisions, supernova explosions, etc. Einstein realized (as part of his theory of gravitation, or theory of general relativity), should be waves propagating from events involving masses in space.
In both special relativity and overall, the speed of light in a vacuum sets a limit, nothing can travel faster, so that gravitational information events should travel light speed or lower (which does not occur in the theory of gravitation Newton in which gravity feels instantly). So something spreading this information, such as waves. Gravitational waves
How were detected and found such waves? The experiment is very nice, used an optical technique called “interferometry”. It involves taking a powerful laser beam and make it look like an instrument that splits in two. These two beams each travel for a very long arm 90 degrees apart. At the end of the arms there are mirrors that reflect the rays. When returned, the rays are combined to form a pattern: the “interference pattern.” This pattern depends on the distance traveled by each ray, if the distance change, the pattern changes, that is, if the arms stretch or shrink, the pattern changes. And that’s what I was looking LIGO [Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory], the change in the pattern indicating that the interferometer arms stretched and contracted to the passage of the gravitational wave.
Why it took so long to measure it? Because what they are looking for are differences in the paths of the beam smaller than the diameter of a proton. So researchers at LIGO have always known how to measure them, what they knew was not as eliminate “noise”. They spent 25 years removing noise of any seismic event, temperature changes or events that could move the mirrors. It was necessary to improve and upgrade technology, until they succeeded
In addition, the twin LIGO observatories is located 3,000 km away from each other. in Louisiana and the other in the state of Washington. This is to ensure if there is a match, that measurement is really cosmic origin.
An outline of the waves generated by black holes
Where does the observed gravitational waves ? They in particular come from the merger of two black holes in one. This extremely violent event that occurred billions of years ago, is able to fill the space with detectable gravitational waves. Astrophysicists solve Einstein’s equations for the binary system merges make simulation supercomputers, including the simulation of the detector so they know how it should be the signal will see.
What is the significance of this discovery and how it helps to understand the physical universe? This finding is not only further proof that general relativity works, it just opened a new door to astronomy. We will be able to “listen” to the universe through gravitational waves. we are able to see astronomical events throughout the electromagnetic spectrum: radio, infrared, visible, X-ray, Gamma; we also try to study the universe using neutrinos [elementary particles that are created in stars] and overall cosmic rays. So now we see the dynamics also using gravitational waves. On the other hand, the existence of waves speaks and allows us to delve into the nature of the gravitational field [the interaction that governs much of the known universe]
Start Screen. Neorika composition of image . Pixabay
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