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Madrid, Sep 10 (EFE) A .- international team of scientists has sequenced the entire genome of the gibbon, the last ape whose genetic material remained to decrypt and a development that will help unravel what makes us human and what distinguishes us from other apes.
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The research, published today in Nature and led by the Oregon Health & amp <- - google_ad_section_start (name = noticia_cuerpo, low weight =)!>; Science University, has had the participation of the Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC / UPF) and the National Center for Genome Analysis (CNAG) in Barcelona, where they have made genetic analysis of gibbons used in research.
Tomas Marques-Bonet, ICREA researcher at the Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, University Pompeu Fabra and co-author, explained to Efe the scope of the investigation.
One of the most powerful tools of evolutionary biology is comparative genomics, which studies the differences between genomes of hominids, which is essential to understand what makes us human and what distinguishes us from other species.
that goal, more than ten years ago, was launched an international scientific project aimed to “analyze the genomes of all the nearest man (chimpanzee, gorilla, orangutan and bonobo) living evolutionary relatives, but lacked the gibbon. “
By sequencing the entire genome of this animal, a small endangered ape that inhabits the tropical forests of Southeast Asia,” a very important chapter of comparative genomics is closed ” says the Catalan Research
As of now, the scientific community will have to “most difficult but also the most interesting. working with all deciphered genomes and compare them with ours to decipher what makes us human and find the defining characteristics of our species, which are unique to man. “
In addition, the researchers analyzed the genome of the gibbon and have seen that the genetic material of these animals has changed with unusual frequency.
“The genome is not stable, over the years the genetic code is changing, and among those changes are what is known as ‘chromosomal rearrangement’, a chromosomal variations that are not common among the apes, but have produced in enormous quantities in the gibbons, “says Marques-Bonet.
In this research, scientists have found that gibbons have a repetitive element known as LAVA element found only in this species and is involved in the modification of related ordination of DNA replication and cell division genes.
Knowing well how this process is structured is “very important “because while in humans this phenomenon is related to tumor cells, gibbons does not happen.
So, over time, this study may help to understand the impact of genomic rearrangements in without having harmful consequences such as cancer and “translate this knowledge into clinical practice” cells CNAG explains director and co-author, Ivo Gut.
In addition, deciphering the genome of these animals has been a “big surprise” for students of conservation of gibbons.
So far, biologists did not have the complete genome of gibbons, which is essential for the phylogeny of the species and determine how and when the four genera of gibbon evolutionarily separated.
However, the vast genetic diversity of this species has made “first in apes, even with all the entire genome, it was not possible know the phylogeny of the species. “
” We believe that such genetic variation responsible for the LAVA element made five million years ago, in a short space of time, all genres were created gibbons known today “so it is impossible to determine what precedes, and that is definitely a” surprising result “
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