How do the mammals navigate a complex geographical environment? To answer this question linked to brain functions, scientists John O’Keefe (British-American) and the pair of Norwegians May-Britt and Edvard I. Moser carried out studies involving years of work, by which concluded that in fact, the ability of humans to spatially located, thanks to the existence of a type of nerve cells located in the hippocampus explains.
The studies initiated in 1971 through a comprehensive research (which in principle was applied to rats), allowed to clear several doubts which for centuries had taken the dream of scientists and philosophers who wondered, for example, how could the sailors of centuries have managed to cross the seas having as Reference heaven.
The truth is that in reality, since it began its work to date, foreign scientists who will receive the Nobel Prize in medicine on December 10 in Stockholm, found that humans possess a GPS (system global) internal position, which allows the ability to move effectively in a given environment. It is, thus, the brain creates a kind of map of the space and within that people move.
Initial investigations applied to rats O’Keefe were history that led to new discoveries and hinted at the existence of cells (called “points”), which were activated formed a map of the room in the animal’s brain. Precisely, in 2005, May-Britt and her husband Edvard concluded that there is a second key to the GPS, to identify other nerve cells (called “network”), which generate a coordinated system for precise positioning and plotting routes.
According to the information yesterday to reports in the media worldwide, “these investigations showed how the cell sites and network make it possible to determine a position and move”, as explained jurors by to elect deserving of this honorable mention, which also implies a premium of eight million kronor (1.1 million dollars, 881,000 euros).
In the field of science, this development allows open other doors that might explain processes occurring at the neurological level in cases of diseases like Alzheimer’s, and those living with this condition often have difficulty recognizing their environment. “Therefore, the knowledge about the positioning system of the brain can help us understand (…) the devastating loss of spatial memory, which affects people with this disease,” added the charge of selecting the most momentous research in the world of medicine.
this Nobel worthy discovery also opened new avenues for understanding cognitive functions such as memory, thinking and planning, said the committee that allocates the prize.
Mendoza’s explanation
Fabian Cremaschi, neurosurgeon and head of the area of Neurology and Surgical Clinic of the National University of Cuyo doctor felt that while this discovery for the time being applicable to specific treatments, has been a major breakthrough in this field. It happens that this complex mechanism of the brain, as well as being key for orientation, to understanding how groups of specialized cells working together with the brain.
Cremaschi explained that cells found by scientists years ago, are area located between the hippocampus and cortex entorreal, both considered oldest areas of the human brain to command the intermediate functions of mammals.
According to the theory of Paul Mc Lean, Mendoza detailed specialist the human brain is composed of three areas that were developed at different evolutionary stages. So theory is called “Triune Brain”.
The oldest of these is the area called “reptilian”, which regulates the most basic life functions, such as sleeping or eating. The second turn is the intermediate or “paleomamífera” regulating other capabilities, as in this case, be directed; while the third zone of the brain (“neomamífera”) is the most evolved and allows more complex skills; in the case of man, reason.
nobel Marriage
As Norwegians May-Britt and Edvard Moser, colaureados the Nobel Prize in Medicine 2014, 3 marriages were rewarded together with one of these precious awards and one received awards separately.
Pierre and Marie Curie (France) won the Nobel Prize in Physics together in 1903 Marie Curie then becomes the first woman awarded before being attributed solo Nobel Chemistry in 1911.
Irene and Frederic Joliot-Curie (France) were awarded Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1935.
Carl and Gerty Cor i (USA) received the Nobel Prize for Medicine in 1947.
Gunnar Myrdal (Sweden) takes the Nobel Prize in Economics in 1974, while his wife, Alva Myrdal, gets the Nobel Peace Prize in 1982
No comments:
Post a Comment