Stockholm. The Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded this year jointly to the French Jean-Pierre Sauvage, the british Sir J. Fraser Stoddart and the Dutch Bernard L. Feringa for the design and synthesis of molecular machines, announced today that the Academy of Sciences of Sweden in Stockholm.
The winners developed the smaller machines in the world, a thousand times smaller than the diameter of a hair, as a kind of elevator tiny, artificial muscles and motors tiny that can be used to develop new materials, sensors and systems of storage of energy, said the Academy.
they did So thanks to its development of molecules with controllable movements that can perform tasks when they are added energy.
the development of computing shows how the miniaturization of technology can produce a genuine revolution, and the Nobel prize of this year miniaturizaron machines and took chemistry to a new dimension, he adds.
The first steps towards the creation of molecular machines and gave Jean-Pierre Sauvage in 1983, where he managed to link the two circular molecules to form a chain, called catenano.
Sauvage, born in Paris and director emeritus of the National Center of Scientific Research, has already received congratulations from president galo, François Hollande, for whom today’s news is “a recognition of the excellence of the French research and european.”
The scottish Fraser Stoddart went on to the next level in 1991, to develop a rotaxane, a molecular architecture mechanically interlocked which consists of a molecule with the shape of a dumbbell, in which the ring molecular was able to move along the axis formed by another molecule elongated. His discovery led to the development of a sort of lift-molecular, muscle, molecular and computer chip-based molecules.
Finally, in 1999, Bernard Feringa was the first who developed a molecular motor that rotated continuously in one direction. The researcher 65 years of age, of the University of Groningen, got to rotate with molecular motors a cylinder of glass 10,000 times greater than these. In addition, in 2011 he designed a kind of nanocoche with four wheels.
“When I heard the news I didn’t know what to say”, explained Feringa, who was “a little shocked by such a surprise.” “My second reaction was: ‘I feel so honoured and touched’”, he added, in statements by telephone to the journalists present at the Royal Academy of Sciences of Sweden.
“I feel a little like the Wright brothers when they flew for the first time one hundred years ago,” he said. “Then people said: ‘why do we need a flying machine?’ and now we have the Boeing 747 and the Airbus”.
“There are great opportunities if you think about the type of materials that can be manufactured these days with the chemistry and that can introduce dynamic functions and machines (molecular) or build materials that can change their function: There is endless opportunity,” he said.
According to the Dutch scientist, the discoveries made by him and the other two award winners could serve in the future to carry medication to the cells.
“In terms of development, the molecular motor is at the same point that it was the electric motor in the 30′s, when scientists had several cranks rotating and wheels, without being aware that it would lead to electric trains, washing machines, fans and food processors”, for his part, pointed to the Academy.
“The three Nobel laureates have opened this whole new field of molecular machines”, and launched a “revolution”, explained the member of the jury Olof Ramström. “The future will show how we can use” their discoveries, he added.
The prize is endowed with eight million Swedish crowns (approximately 830.000 euros/930.000 dollars). In 2015 the winner was the swede Thomas Lindahl, the american Paul Modrich, and the Turkish american Aziz Sancar for his studies on the mechanism of DNA repair.
The Chemistry is the third Nobel Prize to be delivered this year.
The of Medicine was awarded Monday to japanese Yoshinori Ohsumi for his discoveries of the mechanism of autophagy, a process essential for the degradation and recycling of cellular components unnecessary.
on Tuesday, was delivered on the Physical-to-british-David J.
Thouless, Duncan Haldane and Michael Kosterlitz for the description of the states unusual matter, which may have applications in fields such as electronics.
Friday will be announced the Nobel Peace Prize, next Monday, the Economy and possibly Thursday 13 the Literature. The awards ceremony will take place on 10 December, coinciding with the date of the death of the founder of the awards, Alfred Nobel.
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