Weather / passed one hundred years since the German genius Albert Einstein postulated in his theory of relativity to accelerated motion of massive bodies produced distortions in space-time, and these folds must propagate as waves traveling at the speed of light.
they are known as gravitational waves, a concept with which ordinary people began to familiarize since last Thursday, when a consortium of researchers confirmed direct detection, first, these ‘lines’ of the universe. It is, perhaps, the biggest announcement of science in decades and authorities on the subject, as Karsten Danzmann, director of the Max Planck Institute of Physics in Hannover (Germany), with potential Nobel.
gravitational waves are one of those complex concepts of physics, who was born on paper, as an equation, a very distant analogy using image astrophysicists today: when a stone dropped in water, generating waves as away they are becoming weak. Have the same effect gravitational waves.
Among the nearly 1,000 authors of the research, published in the scientific journal Physical Reviews Letter ‘, is Professor Mario Diaz, founder and director of the Center for Astronomy Gravitational waves
University of Texas, in the Rio Grande Valley. It was one of those invited to Washington, where he made the announcement to the world of this historical feat for science.
I knew what was going to say. I knew since last September, when the detection occurred. “One thing is to be aware and a feeling that the world is listening. It’s amazing the impact it had, “he says.
In an interview with El Tiempo explained details of the investigation, the complexity of the experiment that allowed detection and what comes next, which the scientific community, consensus has named a new window on the universe.
what was it detected?
There was a collision of two black holes, one with mass 36 times that of the Sun and the other 29 times larger than our sun, leading to a merger that is one black hole about 63 solar masses. Equivalent to three solar masses lost in gravitational energy released by the collision process. Gravitational waves product of the merger, which occurred 1,300 million years ago, took the same period to reach the Earth, traveling at the speed of light. They were detected on 14 September.
What are gravitational waves?
One can think of them as ocean waves: when there is one, the boat moves up and down. When gravitational waves come to Earth, they are much smaller, so that you can not see or measure in any other way than the one used. The effect, between the example of the ocean and what is detected is the same: change the distance between two objects
What information delivered.?
Something like a picture of the universe at the moment that is being created by the great explosion called the Big Bang, because all we know now about this theory of the origin of the universe is related to the ability to perceive microwave radiation, which band has been studied what is called the cosmic noise. The use of microwave radiation only allows us to reach 300,000 years after the Big Bang, can not penetrate further, because before these 300,000 years the matter was coupled to radiation, ie light not escape. But gravitational waves, which is likely to have originated in the explosion itself, can not be overshadowed by anything. Using gravitational waves should, at some point, depending on how weak and precision of our instruments to detect (light) and be looking at the very moment that the universe is created, which I find fascinating.
what was the method used to detect them?
lasers, they go through a very complex process for power and consistency necessary. It bounces the four mirrors, two form each of the interferometer arms (machine used). Those arms, which are 90 degrees, each have four kilometers long. The laser beam bounces many times within the cavity between two mirrors on each arm, which we call resonance, and this increases the laser power and to measure, with high accuracy, changes in distance between the two mirrors.
They are very sophisticated instruments …
The disturbance is extremely small and therefore this technology is needed. The wonderful thing is that you were able to develop a capable of measuring that. The instrument used is the most accurate measurement ever built man (Ligo observatory consists of two detectors, one in Livingston, Louisiana and the other in Hanford, Washington, separated by 3,000 kilometers).
technology from Einstein’s theories moves the world today. Could we have some future technology used in this experiment?
It is difficult to think. I will insist that uses GPS corrections to Einstein’s theory, without them there would have their accuracy. No one had ever thought, or Einstein with all his powers of imagination would have thought that a possible application of the theory would be that. Eventually, scientific developments give rise to technological developments. Ligo would not have been possible without the advances in laser technology, which will surely be able to apply in the future to develop circuits that are not based on very small electronics but in the use of light. The results that you will have are difficult to predict.
How did you keep such news since last September?
I do not think was very careful, for nothing were so many rumors, but some were not, as the article was to be published in Nature and in the end did not. The vast majority of the members of the partnership understood that it was very important given the history of our country, where 40 years ago a great scientist (Joseph Weber) mistakenly said he had discovered that he’s been detected. Many scientists tried to replicate the results and no one succeeded. some disrepute was created in the field, a kind of myth that was not something he would never be able to detect a curse.
Will they fall criticism of this research?
I do not think scientifically will question this achievement. I think the world physics community feel this conquest as their own, of humanity. Yes you may ‘crazy loose’ call into question things, those that promote conspiracy theories or put doubts mystical forms or rare things. I believe in science will be very difficult to find skepticism towards this result. Somehow come together 50 years of studies and research in this achievement is no accident.
So say you open a new window on the universe …
That’s right, began a new era in astronomy, gravitational waves, which are effectively opening a new window on the universe and in the not too distant future we know things that we can not imagine today.
Another fascinating detail that leaves this research has to do with black holes …
what has detected Ligo now, and is probably the most remarkable is that black holes exist and that these are binary systems (two black holes), which probably collide each other and they are losing energy. They are closer and closer until they explode, producing high emission of gravitational waves. That is a verification of Einstein’s theory that has never been done.
It was difficult for science to come here. What comes next?
Surely there will be more discoveries that will have to be analyzed. The detector, which began operations in September, is in its first phase and has not yet reached its sensitivity or accuracy of design. Achieving this will take a couple of years. These new events will help us better understand how black holes are produced and why did they have that mass, because it was expected to be lower; between three and ten times the mass of the sun, but they are slightly larger.
Beyond black holes, we know details of other bodies?
Perhaps this will help us understand what happens in the evolution of the stars so that such black holes occurs. Understand how the process of life of stars is still a mystery we need to understand much better. That is another challenge.
Will detect primordial gravitational waves?
We had a hard time finding something gravitational waves is at a distance of 1300 million light years from us. In order to detect gravitational waves -the primary that occurred just after the Big Bang must be able to look much further away. It is true that these waves possibly are coming here, but we should look deeper, because they are weaker.
Does this open a chance to time travel?
It is very difficult because although theoretically can imagine a mechanism through these distortions of space-time for a trip back in time, there are many things we are not clear. I tend to think in terms of my immediate knowledge of physical reality and I can not believe that one can travel back in time and look 20 years ago, when I was a child, or shaking hands with Simon Bolivar. Those are my own prejudices, but I think there are things that will surprise us and that is the importance of the pursuit of scientific knowledge.
Nicolas Gutierrez Congote Editor TIME
‘begins a new era in astronomy: the gravitational wave’
Information the Tiempo
http://entornointeligente.com/articulo/7897572/Empieza-una-nueva-era-en-la-astronomia-la-de-ondas-gravitacionales
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