They confirm that bottlenose dolphins in the Gulf of Cadiz and the … – RTVE

IRIN

The populations of bottlenose dolphin in the Gulf of Cadiz and the Strait of Gibraltar are “ genetically similar” but now “there is no contact between individuals of both communities.”

This was disclosed studies by the Biological Station of Doñana – Higher Council for Scientific Research (EBD-CSIC) and the Association for Conservation, Information and Research on Cetaceans (Circe), with the participation of Cepsa, as reported Circe in a note.

Researchers have found, the photo-identification technique , which identified 332 bottlenose dolphins in the Gulf of Cadiz and 450 previously identified in the Strait are “ isolated groups among which there is no contact or exchange of individuals .”

The analyzes of the Skin samples obtained by biopsy, also confirm that these individuals feed on different prey

There are two types of dolphins. The deep water and coastal waters

Researchers EBD-CSIC, Manuela G. Forero and Renaud de Stephanis estimate that these data “indicate the existence of two ecotypes of bottlenose dolphins: one plus ocean , which is fed into the central barrel of the Strait of Gibraltar into deep water, and the other in the Gulf of Cadiz, which are in most coastal waters Portuguese waters even moving. “

This geographical segregation between the two populations, in his view, is” striking “and is a result “with implications for management and conservation important “. “We are in front of two distinct management units with different storage potential problems,” says Circe.

Sampling was carried out over three years within the project ‘Abundance Apical distribution of predators in the Gulf of Cadiz ‘, which began in 2011 and have been conducted six campaigns. In them it has been spotted on several occasions groups of bottlenose dolphins between Ayamonte (Huelva) and Tarifa.

Maybe the people who left their country of origin … – lanacion.com (Argentina)

The neural patterns created by the language they heard in their first years of life remain intact in his brain.

And these patterns are maintained over time even if the person nothing has been in touch with their mother tongue, according to a study published in the journal “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.”

This footprint left by the forgotten language could provide to lived this situation, such as children adopted by parents of other nationalities, learning their native language in the future.

Mandarin and French

“In the early stages of language development, children learn to distinguish regardless of what language trate- what sounds are important and meaningful,” he tells the BBC Lara Pierce, of McGill University in Canada, and author main study.

“It leaves a kind of representation in the brain, which children use to build your native language,” he adds.

What the study was to analyze is whether these representations are maintained throughout life or disappeared when the child stopped listening to their native language.

To assess this, Pierce and his team conducted a series of MRIs and 44 girls between 9 and 17, while listening to recordings in Mandarin.

• One group consisted of girls born in China, adopted by a French family before the age of three, who spoke only French .
• The second group consisted of girls who spoke fluent French and would send.
• And the third, for francophone children who did not speak or understand Mandarin.

hemispheres for language and sound

To listen to the recording, the brains of children who had been exposed to would send -the who spoke and not- showed activity in the left hemisphere, where language is processed.

girls who only spoke French, regions of the right hemisphere involved in processing the sounds were activated.

We were surprised that the pattern of brain activation of adopted Chinese girls who lost completely matched the language of girls who continued to speak Chinese from birth

This means that the brain of the latter group did not identify the Mandarin as a language, whereas this did occur in the other two groups, although one did not understand the meaning of words.

“We were surprised that the pattern of brain activation adopted Chinese girls who completely lost the language matched the girls who continued speaking Chinese from birth, “Pierce said.

” Neural representations that support this model could only have been acquired during the first months of life, “adds the researcher

Variations

To listen to the recording, the brain of girls they had been exposed to would send -the who spoke and showed that non-activity in the left hemisphere, where language ..

That included processed studying children less than six months, and these guys could also be the patterns created early.

“However, we saw that there is a relationship between age of adoption and intensity of brain response” he tells BBC Pierce.

“The more Chinese heard in its first month, more than this brain region is activated.”

“Whereupon it is possible that if the exposure to native language is very short, less than six months, the effect is less strong, “Pierce said

According to the authors. The study suggests, although not conclusively, although not speak the language, if you were exposed to it at an early age, we can re-learn it later in life more easily.

In addition, in the field of language learning theory, the study reinforces the argument of preexisting neural representations in the brain are not lost if not used, or fade with learning a new language, but simply become more difficult to access.

The next step, says Pierce, will investigate whether these neural representations affect how the brain learns a second language and analyze in detail the process of learning the forgotten language. .

Comparing the genomes of mouse and human, key … – The World

At the beginning of the century, the sequencing of the genomes of different species numerically allowed to know how much we are alike and we are different from them. DNA in this qualitative But more important than the quantitative. In fact, the rice grain has about 50.0000 genes while humans have only about 30,000. Therefore, different projects try to go beyond the numbers and claim to know the different performances of the genome in each animal species. Now an international consortium of researchers has completed a job that compares the functional elements of mouse and human genome and provides details on the differences and similarities between the two. Through this comparison, one can understand why some drugs work differently in mice than in humans, which can be expected if a disease is studied in rodents or when to use another animal to analyze basic aspects of some part of our biology .

The ENCODE Consortium, an acronym for in cyclopedia OR f D NA E lements, It is a thorough analysis of the draft human genome. It began in 2003 in the US and now involved about 30 schools in different countries-including Spain. Throughout these years, we have identified a number of genes with humans and other animals, but their work has more. The last step was now collecting simultaneously several of the most prestigious medical journals: a comparison of mouse and human genome.

A comparative analysis of the functionality of the two genomes has been found that there is a common ‘language’ using molecular-level cells but is flexible enough to change its structure and adapt to processes and functions that are completely different between the two species. For example, certain systems such as immune processes as metabolism or stress response are very different in each and others.

“Most of the differences between mice and humans are from the regulation of gene activity, not the genes themselves,” he said in a statement Michael Beer, professor of biomedical engineering at the Faculty of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore (USA) and a member of the ENCODE Consortium whose results published simultaneously several of the most prestigious medical journals such as Nature, or Sciencie Genome Research, among others. “For mouse is an important model for the investigation of human biology, we need to understand these differences to better interpret our results “.

As explained Roderic Guigó WORLD, one of the principal investigators of the study and coordinator of the Bioinformatics and Genomics program at the Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), “ This work provides the molecular basis for understand which parts of human biology are represented in mouse biology and which parts . There are processes that are more conserved between the two species and other less as those related to the immune system, among others. Therefore, you could say that to study the response to mouse infections may not be a good model, this is what there is to see now. ”

For detailed analysis of these genomes, the researchers studied 124 types of cells and mouse tissues, including heart, brain, blood, kidney, liver and skin. That work resulted in thousands of data on DNA regions that are active-more open and accessible- and where proteins are produced. Through various mathematical models could identify regulatory regions that are common between the two species. This analysis showed that while mouse genes involved in intracellular processes such as the production of proteins-have a pattern of activity similar to that of humans , the activity of the murine genes linked to the cell surface It is very different, which has implications for the study of cell communication, immunity and certain diseases.

“There are genes whose expression is highly conserved between human and mouse, for example the human heart is expressed very like the mouse, also the case in the lung. But there are other genes that are expressed more similarly among different human tissues and very differently in mice, ie, are specific to each species and not for each organ, as previously thought, “says Guigó.

The knowledge generated by this consortium, a roadmap on the functionality of the genes of these two species may be used and exploited now by many research groups worldwide. “These results build a base for many other researchers exploit this information and a milestone of how science works progresses. They are key to future studies, because they can help to refine the research models of human diseases and further extrapolation of what we see in mice to better understand our pathophysiology, “says Isabel Varelo-Nieto, researcher CIBER for Rare Diseases (CIBERER) and the Biomedical Research Institute of CSIC.

This knowledge Varelo-Nieto stressed that projects of this caliber “make technological tools which can then be implemented more cheaply and easily on other projects are developed. Furthermore, generated information is public and that makes an impact in research, and this is over reversing in society “.

The same view is Lluis Montoliu, researcher at the National Center for Biotechnology (belonging to CSIC) and CIBERER, whose group investigates, through a genetically modified mouse model of a rare disease. “ The importance I give to these results is also to understand how genes work is its application in diagnosis, in sickness “.

However, the differences detected now or already knew the point that the mouse is not a good model for research into neurodegenerative diseases of aging themselves, either for certain cancers such as colon, precisely although cancer is one of the processes may further study based on the results obtained with ENCODE.

Humans and mice share a ‘language’ in its genome … – RTVE

RTVE.es / EFE

The humans and mice have a common <'language' / strong> in your genome that allow to study the origin of diseases Common, although the evolution of DNA and expression gene of the two species were very different. This follows an investigation by the Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG) in Barcelona that the Nature published Thursday.

The investigation of the CRG, led by Roderic Guigó and made collaboration with the group led by Dr. Thomas R. Gingeras, Cold Spring Harbour Laboratory in the US, has made an exhaustive description of the functional elements of the genome of mice and compared with the human genome .

According Guigó, the comparison between human and mouse “offers a better understanding of the biology of mammals and developments as well as providing new information on the use mice as an animal model for studying human disease. “

The paper finds keys that may explain why some processes and systems in mice, and the immune system, metabolism and stress response are so different when it comes to humans.

In comparing the functional parts of the mouse genome and human have emerged a set of data now available to the scientific community, which, according to researchers, will be relevant to research in mammalogy and study the mechanisms of human disease .

Studies “precise” in human biology

After examining the genetic and biochemical processes that regulate genome activity in humans and mice, scientists have found that, in general, the systems used to control genome activity are very similar in both species and that have been preserved over time.

also detected differences in DNA and gene expression patterns that are not shared .

“The mouse is one of the most used to study human biology, for modeling human diseases and to test new drugs and therapies models. Our study validates in much of the utility of this animal model and offer strong support for use in human disease, “said Guigó.

” We found that there are many cellular processes that are highly conserved in both species , for example in embryonic development. Understanding these similarities allow us to make more precise studies of human biology “added Guigó, who is the coordinator of the Bioinformatics and Genomics program CRG.

Common Elements on the instructions of the genes

Researchers have compared various processes involved in gene expression and gene transcription or chromatin modification and have done so in various tissues and cell types, both humans and mice .

According to Alessandra Breschi, co-author of the CRG, in his laboratory participated in the analysis of the whole transcriptome RNA or , which is the result of transcription, the process whereby instructions from the genes are read. ” He said Breschi- have discovered that the transcriptome in human and mouse have conserved and divergent elements other.

Surprisingly we found that the differences are greater between species between tissues, as initially thought that the activity of genes in the same tissue would be similar. “

Researchers have explained that, when comparing the two genomes, have found that is a” language “commonly used by cells at the molecular level , but it is extremely flexible and has varied greatly throughout evolution.

” For example, if we speak of circuits we find that there cables, plugs, switches. Combining the pieces in one way or another, we get very different circuits, such as between mice and humans, although the basic mechanisms governing the operation are based on the same methodology and resources, “he concluded Guigó .

Scientists discovered two new subatomic particles. (AFP) – Perú21

The European Organization for Nuclear Research ( CERN ) has again revolutionized science by observing two new subatomic particles composed of quarks, never seen before .

This is baryons composed of three quarks together by the strong nuclear force, but the quarks are different from those of protons. They are known as Xi_b’- and Xi_b. * – And these particles are more than six times the proton mass

The largest portion of this is due in part to its spin (intrinsic torque) in opposite directions, which is a “worthy of enthusiasm” result said Steven Blusk, of Syracuse University in New York.

This was discovered by experiment LHC b the Large Hadron Collider ( LHC ) CERN , the huge cylinder 27 miles long located in the basement of Geneva, announced Wednesday the agency said in a statement.

The quarks are a type of elementary particle, components other subatomic particles like the proton and neutron, and do not exist in isolation.

Scientists released protons in opposite directions in said cylinder very close to the speed Light to analyze the results of the shocks that may allow to detect other particles.

Teams of thousands of scientists from the CERN also used the accelerator to discover the Higgs boson, which explains why some elementary particles acquire mass. The discovery meant the Nobel Prize for Scottish physicist Peter Higgs.

Mice and humans used to test drugs: have a … – ecodiario

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An international research consortium involving the Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG) has validated the usefulness of mice for testing new therapies and drugs, considering that they have a similar human genome

.

The validation result of a study published in the journal Nature, is based on a description exhaustive of the functional elements of the genome of mice and comparison with the human genome, reported Wednesday the CRG in a statement.

The mouse is one of the most used animal models to study human biology and is used to create models of human diseases and test new drugs and therapies, has highlighted one of the principal investigators of the study and coordinator of Bioinformatics and Genomics program at CRG, Roderic Guigó.

The study validates in much of the utility of this animal model and offers a “tremendous support” for use in human disease because they found that many cellular processes are highly conserved in both species, such as in embryonic development.

“Knowing these similarities will allow more precise studies of human biology,” said Guigó, which specified that the international work has discovered the keys that could explain why some processes and systems in mice, as the immune system, metabolism and stress response, are so different when it comes to humans. DATA FOR SCIENTISTS

Scientists have detailed functional parts of the mouse genome and compared with those of humans: it has resulted in a set of data-now available to the community that scientifically will be relevant to the investigation in mammalian biology, and for studying the mechanisms of human diseases.

The results of this comparison examines the genetic and biochemical processes that regulate genome activity in humans and mice, and find that, in general, the systems used to monitor the activity of the genome are very similar in both species have been preserved over time

.

CERN Discovers Two New unseen particles – La Vanguardia

Madrid. (EP) .- The LHCb experiment responsible Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN announced Wednesday the Discovery Two new particles of the baryon family, made up of quarks

These particles, known as Xi_b’- and Xi_b * -., were predicted by the quark model, but had not been seen before. As the LHC accelerates protons, new particles are baryons made of three quarks and united by the strong force (one of the four fundamental interactions in nature). However, the types of quarks are different.

The new particles containing both Xib beauty quark (b), a stranger (s) and one down (d), while the proton is composed of two up quarks (u) and down (d). Because the b quark mass, these particles are six times more massive than a proton.

However, experts suggest that the particles are more than the sum of its parts, and that its mass depends also on how they are configured. Each quark has a property called spin. In Xi_b’-, the spins of the two lightest quarks pointing in opposite directions, while in Xi_b * – are aligned

This difference makes it a little heavier to Xi_b * particle. -. “Nature has been generous and given us two particles for the price of one,” said one of the leaders of the experiment, Matthew Charles.

The scientist explained that the Xi_b’- has a mass close to the sum of its decay products and, if a little lighter, would not have seen anything. “This is an exciting result. Thanks to the excellent hadron identification capability of LHCb, unique among the LHC experiments, we were able to identify a clear signal on the merits,” he noted researcher Steven Blusk.

In addition to the masses of these particles, whose findings have been published in Physical Review Letters , the research team studied their rates of production and their decay widths (a measure of stability) among other details.

They fit predictions

The results are consistent with the predictions of quantum chromodynamics (QCD), part of the Standard Model of Physics Particle theory describing elementary particles and their interactions.

Check QCD with high accuracy is key to improving the understanding of the dynamics of quarks, models that are very difficult to calculate. “If we want to find new physics beyond the Standard Model, we first need an accurate picture,” said coordinator Patrick Koppenburg LHCb physics.

In his view, “these high-precision studies help us differentiate effects between the Standard Model and any new or unexpected thing in the future. “

The measurements were performed with data taken at the LHC during 2011-2012. Currently it is being prepared after his first break, to operate at higher energies and more intense beams. Is scheduled to start operating again in Spring 2015.

The LHCb collaboration consists of 670 scientists and 250 technicians and engineers from 65 institutions representing 16 countries, including Spain. In this experiment, the University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), the University of Barcelona (UB), the Universitat Ramon Llull (URL) involved, and recently joined the Institute of Corpuscular Physics (IFIC, CSIC-UV).

90% of the global population of six years will have a mobile … – The Newspaper

Tuesday, November 18, 2014 – 13.41 h

90% of the population over six years will Mobile 2020 , according to the latest edition of Ericsson Mobility Report, which estimates for the year 9500 million mobile users, up from 7.100 million in 2014 and 6.700 million 2013. According to the study, smartphone subscriptions in 2020 to reach 6,100 million worldwide, compared to 2,700 million in 2014 and 1.900 million in 2013. Thus, while the number of mobile subscriptions grows at a rate of 5% per year from 2014 to 2020 in the case of subscriptions smartphone growth will be 15% per year over this period.

The study of Ericsson reveals that smartphones now account for 37% of all mobile phone subscriptions, having added 800 million new subscriptions in 2014. In terms of mobile broadband subscribers will grow at a rate of 20% annually from 2014 to 2010 from 2,900 million in 2014 8,400 million for 2020, and LTE will rise from 400 million to 3,500 million in six years.

The senior vice president, Strategy and Mergers and Acquisitions Ericsson, Rima Qureshi , has indicated that the cost of the devices, dwindling, coupled with increased use and increased network coverage, are making technology to become a “phenomenon” that will soon be accessible to most of the world population, irrespective of age or location.

The study also shows that the video continues to dominate the mobile networks . Thus in fourth generation mobile services (4G) this currently constitutes between 45% and 55% of mobile traffic, especially by increased video streaming and improved video experience in the Mobile.

Ericsson estimates that mobile video traffic will be multiplied by 10 in 2020 and will constitute nearly 55% of mobile data traffic by then.

COMMERCIAL DEPLOYMENT 5G

As for the development of new technologies, is expected to be commercially deployed 5G in 2020. While this technology include evolved versions of existing wireless access (like 3G and 4G), and cloud core technologies to supply thousands of new ways in which to use mobile technology.

According to the report, the growth of 5G will have a broad scope, as new modes of use, especially communications between machines.

‘Philae’ Can not have 67 / P – The New Spain

The comet 67 / P Churyumov-Gerasimenko is hard as ice and has organic molecules, which are yet to be identified analyzed. The drill lander “Philae” unable to deepen the surface hardness.

These are the first results of scientific experiments “Philae” module, which landed Wednesday on the comet’s surface to study. The European Space Agency (ESA) mission reported that the mother of the probe “Rosetta” continues after the landing of small laboratory “Philae” that from Saturday 15 is at rest because not getting enough sunlight to charge their solar panels.

But the battery was carrying, with autonomy for two days, let him make some important discoveries with its ten instruments at a distance of 511 million kilometers, the ESA said.

“Philae” worked more than 60 hours without interruption and the data sent to “Rosetta” in every possible media. For scientists, the surface of the comet 67 / P Churyumov-Gerasimenko is very different from what they thought so far.

The thermal probe “MUPUS” could not hammer the comet’s surface due to its hardness.

“Although the power of the hammer was gradually increased, it could not lead to soil depth,” Prof. Tilman Spohn Institute of Planetary Research of the German Center for Aeronautics and Space said.

The drill SD2, the last of the ten instruments were activated, tested the soil and found the first organic molecules, which are still studied.

“Rosetta”, which will accompany the comet until the end of next year as it approaches the Sun, provides 80% of the science, “Philae” will cover the remaining 20%.

WhatsApp is shielded and enter the encrypted “end-to-end” – ABC.es

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Day 11/18/2014 – 7:50 p.m.

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90% of those over 6 years will have a “smartphone” in 2020 – ABC.es

abc technology / Madrid

Day 19/11/2014 – 1:59 a.m.

WhatsApp is shielded to be safer than ever – The Courier

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Nokia announces N1, a “tablet” with Android – ABC.es

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Philae “smells” organic molecules in comet 67P – TeleCinco.es

Although Philae energy is depleted main battery, the probe was able to ‘smell’ the atmosphere of comet 67P and detect various organic molecules. Furthermore, the bore of the tube has proven soil strength is higher than it was thought, and that under the lander under icy water. The mission team expects to be able to regain contact as soon as you get Philae recharge the batteries.

The properties of the surface 67P speak very different than they thought. The Philae lander drilling has revealed that the comet is hard as ice, and she could not fathom. In addition, the instrumental was able to ‘smell’ the air and detecting the first organic molecules after landing

“Although the power of the drill was gradually increased, we were unable to deepen the surface, “says Tilman Spohn, Institute of Planetary Research of the German space agency (DLR), led the research team. With MUPUS instrument (multiple use sensors for surface and subsurface investigation) has been possible to directly study the resistance of the surface of a comet first. “We have acquired a large amount of data, we now have to analyze,” Spohn said.

On the other hand, the computer experiment SESAME (Surface Electrical, Seismic and Acoustic Monitoring Experiment) You can confirm that Churyumov-Gerasimenko is not as fluffy as it was believed. “The strength of the ice under a layer of dust on the first landing is surprisingly high,” says Klaus Seidensticker DLR Institute of Planetary Research. Two other instruments SESAME reveal the presence of a large amount of water ice under the lander.

It is true that the drill was activated, as are all the steps for transport of the sample to the appropriate oven. Now scientists have to analyze the data to determine if a soil sample actually considered in the gas chromatograph. The instrument was able to ‘smell’ the air and detecting the first organic molecules after landing. The analysis of spectra and identification of molecules continue

.

One of the more fortunate with the landing of Philae is Stefano Mottola, the DLR Institute of Planetary Research, which is responsible for the camera Rolis (Rosetta Lander Imaging System) images acquired during the first descent. Even after the third landing was achieved Rolis reactivate and acquire images of the surface of the comet at close range. Thus, the computer has data for two different locations on the comet.

A large amount of data was also obtained with the instrument CONSERT (Comet Nucleus Sounding Experiment by Radio Wave Transmission ). To accomplish this, the lander and orbiter were on different sides of the kite and worked together to analyze the core radio signals through it and create a three-dimensional profile of the core. During measurements, Philae went into hibernation after the main battery power ran out.

sure the contact is resumed

“I’m pretty sure Philae resume contact us and we will be able to operate the instruments again,” says Project Manager at DLR Stephan Ulamec . Once the secondary rechargeable battery is heated by sunlight again, Philae will restart and the control unit will sit in the control consoles again.

“In the first landing would have had better conditions of solar illumination, “says Ulamec. “Now we’re a little in the shade, we will need more time to load.” One advantage of the darkest landing site in a crater is that the lander Philae will not overheat as fast as the comet approaches the Sun, and will benefit from a less strong sun light. The team managed to turn the lander during the night from 14 to 15 November, so that the largest solar panel is now aligned to the sun.

Stephan Ulamec believed to be probably in the spring of 2015, will communicate again with Philae and receive data. In summer, it might be possible that the temperatures in the comet enable battery recharging. “The orbiter will continue its overflights to receive any signal from the lander Philae, once you wake up from hibernation.

The Rosetta mission continues with the space laboratory that will … – RTVE

VICKY BOLAÑOS

Rosetta scientific part of the mission of the European Space Agency more . So it will be a Although probe Philae , which is hibernating on the comet 67P / Churyumov-Gerasimenko after have run out of fuel and without receiving sunlight .

Before remain inactive following 57 hours of operation , Philae got sent to Earth data measurements collected comet with five of its ten instruments ESA as reported, the results will be known once the scientists involved in the mission have worked in them.

Although planned to Philae and Rosetta do combined observations aterrizadora the duration of the probe, probe orbiter now continue the mission alone.

Rosetta still active and orbiting the comet . Now is about 30 miles away to early December and will get closer to 67P, reaching 20 kilometers.

maneuvers and orbit in which Rosetta will be from now until December. Picture: ESA

Rosetta Science

As explained RTVE.es the Engineer ESA Science Operations in Madrid, Juan Jose Garcia, Rosetta will observe how it evolves until the comet reaches perihelion Sun , in August 2015.

“As the comet gets closer to the Sun, as it is made up of rocks and ice, the latter begins to sublimate and grains fall off” as well as grow with the gas and steam, he stated.

Illustration of ESA Rosetta probe, with panels measuring 32 meters. Image: ESA / Medialab ATG

Garcia, one of the members of the mission plans and coordinates the use of scientific instruments -the probes ESA center in Madrid is the responsibly, It has been told that Rosetta is a laboratory that carries instruments with small microscopes, for example: “It’s a wonder built ten years ago”

“With technology almost 20 years we are making history. because scientists are given the opportunity to make observations and experiments “, he noted.

Rosetta analyze the dust ejection from the comet

For example, as the comet dust particles will drop, Rosetta analyze how fast moving and chemical composition . Other instruments look the magnetic field that surrounds the comet, if any.

The engineer said the ESA orbiter probe “probably withdraw 100 km to be in a safe place and avoid possible impact of stones in their solar panels 32 meters “.

ESA will try to not impact on solar panels stones probe

The mission duration is checked, therefore, by the activity of the comet and the combustibe that fits for maneuvers. When it launched in 2004, the spacecraft weighed nearly three tons, more than the fuel in half, which has been consuming though it has been two and a half years in hibernation to save power.

Philae: what could be

As revealed different ESA management, there is a possibility of Philae could return to work. As the comet gets closer to perihelion the Sun, if it receives enough solar energy, could be reactivated only in the unlikely event that dust and stones have no 67P covered solar cells .

If activated again, both probes could make joint experiments for which they were prepared.

As noted Eduardo Sanchez Suarez, Department of Exploration Robotics & Scientific ESA Philae is a set of small observatories and is ready for take dust samples, make ultraviolet spectrometry , Infrared , take pictures of the comet in different lighting conditions, etc.

Also, wearing tools Radio to interact with the orbiter and “draw very interesting conclusions” field of the comet through the interaction between the two craft .

The eleven instruments Rosetta

These are the eleven instruments that leads incorporated the Rosetta orbiter. Each is coordinated by scientists from participating countries (Source: ESA).

• Alice (spectrometer ultraviolet image) analyzed the gases in the coma and the comet tail and measured production rates of water and carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. It also provides information on the composition of the core surface
• CONSERT ( Experiment probing the comet nucleus by transmitting radio waves). Polls . the interior of the comet through the study of radio waves that are reflected and scattered by the nucleus
• COSIMA (Analyzer secondary ion mass) analyzes the characteristics of dust grains emitted by the comet, including its composition. Determines whether they are organic or inorganic
• Giada (Impact Analyzer grains and dust accumulator.): Measures the number, mass, momentum and velocity distribution of the dust grains coming from the comet nucleus and other sources
• MIDAS ( Dust Analysis System for micro-images ). study the dust environment surrounding asteroids and comets. Provides information on the particles, such as size, volume and shape
• LOOK (Microwave Instrument for the Rosetta Orbiter). Is used to determine the abundance of the main gas outgassing rate of the surface and subsurface core temperature
• OSIRIS (Remote System optical and infrared images espectrópicas). has a wide-angle camera narrow angle camera that can obtain high resolution images of the comet’s nucleus
• Rosina ( Spectrometer for the neutral and ion analysis.): Two sensors that determine the composition of the atmosphere and ionosphere of the comet speed electrified gas particles and reactions involved. We also investigate possible asteroid outgassing
• RPC (Rosetta Plasma Consortium). Five sensors measure the physical properties of the core, examine the structure of the inner coma, monitor activity and studying the interaction of the comet with the solar wind
• RSI (radio science research). frequency changes in the radio signals from the probe are used to measure the mass and gravity of the comet nucleus to derive its density and internal structure, define the orbit and study its inner coma.
• VIRTIS (imaging spectrometer thermal infrared and visible): maps and studies the nature and temperature solid on the core surface. It also identifies the comet gases, characterizes the physical conditions of the colon and has helped to identify the best places for landing.

Tried Gear S, the Samsung smartwatch SIM card – ABC.es

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Day 11/18/2014 – 8:46 a.m.

c. minguez / Photo: Kārlis Dambrāns / Flickr

Almost 30% of animal species are endangered – El Pajarito

The Pacific bluefin tuna, the pufferfish from China, American eel, cobra China, an Australian butterfly have been added to the Red List of 22,413 Endangered Species endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). The new list has been unveiled in Sydney, where the 2014 World Parks Congress is held Causes exposing IUCN draws fishing, logging, mining, agriculture and other activities designed to meet the “growing appetite for natural “resources around the world.

It also notes that this year’s Habitat destruction has caused the extinction of a mollusk in Malaysia and the largest earwig is known and already threatening the survival of many other species.

The IUCN Red List is 50 years old and currently includes evaluation of 76 199 species, of which 22,413 are threatened with extinction. That is, almost 30 percent. Therefore, the body seeks to improve the management of parks to prevent further decline in biodiversity.

To the Director General of IUCN, Julia Marton-Lefèvre, each update of the Red List IUCN does realize that the planet is losing “consistently incredible diversity of life,” mainly because of the destructive actions of man to meet the growing appetite for resources.

However, it has stressed that there is scientific evidence that “protected areas can play a central role in reversing this trend.” “Experts warn that the threatened species that are poorly represented in protected areas are declining twice as fast as those that are well represented. Our responsibility is to increase the number of protected areas and ensure effective management that can help save labiodiversidad of our planet, “he defended.

Specifically, the Pacific bluefin tuna (Thunnus orientalis) was upgraded from Least Concern to Vulnerable, meaning it is now threatened with extinction. The species has been widely chosen as a target for capture fisheries for sushi and sashimi markets, particularly in Asia. Most fish caught are juveniles who have not been able to reproduce and it is estimated that its population has declined by between 19 and 33% in the last 22 years.

The threat Sushi

The existing MPAs do not provide sufficient protection for this species. The expansion of marine protected areas within 200 miles of the coast and incorporating the breeding, could help preserve the species, according to IUCN experts.

Therefore , President of the Group of Specialists on Tuna and Sailfish of Survival Commission of IUCN Species, Bruce Collette, reported that the market value of Pacific bluefin tuna continues to rise and unless those fisheries put in place conservation measures and management developed for the Western Central Pacific Ocean, including the decline in catches of juvenile fish, you can not expect that their status will improve in the short term.

As for other species such as pufferfish from China, it is estimated that its population has fallen by 99.99 percent over the past 40 years because of lasobreexplotación, as it is one of four species of fugu most consumed as sashimi. They have implemented conservation measures, but according to IUCN remains “urgent monitor catches to prevent the extinction of the species.”

As for the American eel is listed as’ threatened ‘because of barriers to migration, climate change, parasites, pollution, habitat loss and capture business. Also, due to declining populations of Japanese eel, the intensive farming industry eel East Asia is trying to restock with other species such as American eel. This has led to increased reports of illegal fishing of American eel in the United States.

The Cobra China was recently rated as Vulnerable because its population has dropped from 30 to 50 percent the last 20 years. Cobras of the Chinese are mostly in southeast China, Taiwan, northern Vietnam and Laos are among the main species of animals exported from mainland China to Hong Kong for food markets. Although international trade in the species is regulated, IUCN urges strengthening national conservation efforts to ensure its survival.

66 chameleons endangered and two extinct species

In the update of the Red List also highlights several endangered species such as 66 chameleon species such as the giant horned chameleon blade East Usambara (Tanzania); Butterfly dart black grass, which is found only north of the coastal region of New South Wales (Australia) and is primarily threatened by the invasion of introduced grasses and coastal developments that destroy habitat.

The update states two species as extinct because of habitat destruction. The first is the Plectostoma sciaphilum , an endemic snail on a limestone hill in Peninsular Malaysia since the hill has been completely destroyed by a company dedicated to the extraction of limestone. The IUCN warns that the future of many other species in the region is uncertain for similar reasons therefore calls “urgently greater commitment to prevent future extinctions.”

Another species, the giant earwig St. Helena ( Labidura Herculean ), the largest earwig is known in the world, which can measure up to 80 mm., is also extinct. Previously he could find in the plain of Horse Point, a protected area on the island of St. Helena area. The last sighting of a live adult of this species dates back to May 1967. Since the early 60s, their habitat has been degraded by removal for construction purposes almost all stone surfaces that afforded him refuge. Increasing pressure from predators such as mice, rats and invasive invertebrate species also contributed to the extinction of the earwig.

The president of the Committee for the Survival of Species IUCN, Simon Stuart, these recent extinctions could have been avoided through greater habitat protection. “Today’s update also highlights two amphibian species that have improved their status through successful management of the Reserve Infant Gold in Colombia, where they are located. We have to become more responsible for our actions to see many more success stories like this and have a positive impact on the health of our planet, “he said

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A kiss for ten seconds passes 80 million bacteria – La Vanguardia

When a dating are given a Kiss passionate, each transferred eighty million bacteria to mouth the other, according to a study by the Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO) in the Netherlands.

Researchers have found that the type of bacteria living in the mouth is often more similar between boyfriends among people with no connection between them. And that the longer a couple, more like kissing is the composition of the microbiota of the saliva.

This affinity is due in part to the two people in a couple tend to have a similar lifestyle, with a similar diet and often about these oral habits. But also to modify the bacterial population of the mouth of the other with each kiss.

“The mouth to mouth contact has been observed in a variety of animals,” the researchers said in the journal Microbiome , which have presented their results. “But kissing with tongues full contact and exchange of saliva appear to be a unique courtship behavior of mankind and is common in over 90% of cultures.”

A study on the Zoo Amsterdam (Netherlands), the researchers approached couples who were kissing and asked help for a science project. They proposed that one of the two take a probiotic yoghurt and then return to kissing. Since yogurt contains abundant bacteria from the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, which are a minority in the mouth, this would calculate how many bacteria are exchanged in a kiss.

Twenty couples agreed to such a strange request (nineteen heterosexual one for men and one for women). The results reveal that kiss ten seconds means an exchange of bacteria 160 million (80 million in each direction). This figure is relatively low compared to the total number of bacteria in the saliva of a person and that, according to the researchers, amounting to 1,200 million.

The study was completed a survey in which couples were asked about the frequency with which “intimate kisses” were given. The responses revealed that, from nine kisses a day, the composition of the microbiota of the saliva is virtually identical in a partner.

A final curious observation is that in three out of four partners, man said that they kissed more often than women. Men reported an average of ten kisses a day and women five. Researchers attribute the discrepancy to the masculine trend observed in previous studies, to exaggerate their amorous activity. A complementary explanation could be that some people describe as “intimate kissing” interactions that, for some women, are not worthy of the title.

Bacteria love, followed by 80 million in 10 seconds – Ideal Digital

Science. Scholars say that the microbial composition of saliva is more complex in people who have a regular partner. From Holland came the report. According to the Organisation for Scientific Research a passionate kiss transferred 80 million bacteria

Obviously, from the moment that has been given to the news have been many reactions that have taken place on this particular case.

It is not least because it has a special interest and well being tested in several Internet forums, social networks and media.

This is the main conclusion of a study published in the journal Microbiome. The authors of a research ensures that couples kissing at least nine times a day communities share similar oral bacteria.

The Most

as 50

80 million of microbiotic transferred during a kiss ten seconds long, according to a study published in Microbiome.

The ecosystem of over one hundred trillion microorganisms living in our body, the microbiome is essential for digestion and prevention of the disease. It is shaped by genetics, diet and age but also by the people with whom we interact. Dutch researchers studied 21 pairs, including the frequency with which they kissed and taking samples of tongue and saliva.

The results showed that when the salivary microbiota intimately kissing couples at relatively high frequencies becomes similar and found that at least nine kisses intimate day cause couples share significantly its salivary microbiota.

In a controlled kisses experiment, a member of each of the partners took a probiotic drink that has specific strains of bacteria. After an intimate kiss, found that probiotic bacteria in saliva receptor tripled and 80 million bacteria transferred during a kiss ten seconds.

How could it be otherwise we will look at all developments as they arise on this case, which is attracting media attention in the country.

Facebook will invade the office facing down LinkedIn, Google and … – elEconomista.es

Jose L. de Haro (New York)

11/17/2014 – 20:11

Note to users: 5 0 ( 2 votes)

With over 1,300 million active users and 3,200 million in revenue during the third quarter, Facebook is preparing to make the jump to the office.

At a time when the social network Mark Zuckerberg has been demonized in the workplace, either by inappropriate content in their profiles, or by producing distraction among employees, the company is willing to become a reference in productivity and business contacts.

That is why, according to forward the Financial Times , Zuckerberg prepares to launch Facebook at Work, a service that tries to corner others already in place as Google Drive, LinkedIn or Slack offering not only professional profiles but other possibilities such as document sharing or collaboration group. Thus, the social network, which desligaría its traditional product, try to get a piece of juicy market of professional services to companies that already dominate companies like Microsoft.

“The Silicon Valley company is developing a new product designed to chat with colleagues, connect with other professionals and work together on documents,” a source told the British newspaper. In fact, this service will be developing for the Facebook offices in London and would be released during the next year.

According to the last detail, the new site would be similar to the current Facebook, with a source of news and groups that allow users acutales social network to keep completely separate your current personal profile professional. If these professional profiles are indexed by Google in its searches, the new service from Mark Zuckerberg could be a real problem for LinkedIn.

At the same time, the use of chat, remember that Facebook acquired WhatsApp for about 19,000 million dollars, will compete directly with Chatter, owned by Salesforce.com, Yammer and Microsoft Slack. The advance also extends directly against Google, Box and Dropbox to allow storage and alteration of documents between users group.

That said, the arrival of Facebook in the workplace will not be easy. Not only will you face to face with the litany of competitors already established in the offices of half the world but also have to face the questions about how the social network handles, stores and who share their data.

At a time now, competition in Silicon Valley has become a hostile environment where different companies already established in their own businesses trying to open new revenue simulating other successful companies. Remember when Facebook thrashed the business of social networking, Google entered the market with Google +.

Meanwhile, the company flirted with Zuckerberg seekers to inaugurate its Graph Search. We have also seen both Amazon and Google struggle to become owners of the cloud, at a time when companies like Dropbox have proven minnows able to snatch a lucrative market the titans of Silicon Valley.

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Eighty million bacteria pass from mouth to mouth in a kiss – ABC.es

José Manuel Nieves / Madrid

Day 18/11/2014 – 1:23 a.m.

daniel g. lopez

A kiss is a transfer of millions of bacteria