The Pacific bluefin tuna, the pufferfish from China, American eel, cobra China, an Australian butterfly have been added to the Red List of 22,413 Endangered Species endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). The new list has been unveiled in Sydney, where the 2014 World Parks Congress is held Causes exposing IUCN draws fishing, logging, mining, agriculture and other activities designed to meet the “growing appetite for natural “resources around the world.
It also notes that this year’s Habitat destruction has caused the extinction of a mollusk in Malaysia and the largest earwig is known and already threatening the survival of many other species.
The IUCN Red List is 50 years old and currently includes evaluation of 76 199 species, of which 22,413 are threatened with extinction. That is, almost 30 percent. Therefore, the body seeks to improve the management of parks to prevent further decline in biodiversity.
To the Director General of IUCN, Julia Marton-Lefèvre, each update of the Red List IUCN does realize that the planet is losing “consistently incredible diversity of life,” mainly because of the destructive actions of man to meet the growing appetite for resources.
However, it has stressed that there is scientific evidence that “protected areas can play a central role in reversing this trend.” “Experts warn that the threatened species that are poorly represented in protected areas are declining twice as fast as those that are well represented. Our responsibility is to increase the number of protected areas and ensure effective management that can help save labiodiversidad of our planet, “he defended.
Specifically, the Pacific bluefin tuna (Thunnus orientalis) was upgraded from Least Concern to Vulnerable, meaning it is now threatened with extinction. The species has been widely chosen as a target for capture fisheries for sushi and sashimi markets, particularly in Asia. Most fish caught are juveniles who have not been able to reproduce and it is estimated that its population has declined by between 19 and 33% in the last 22 years.
The threat Sushi
The existing MPAs do not provide sufficient protection for this species. The expansion of marine protected areas within 200 miles of the coast and incorporating the breeding, could help preserve the species, according to IUCN experts.
Therefore , President of the Group of Specialists on Tuna and Sailfish of Survival Commission of IUCN Species, Bruce Collette, reported that the market value of Pacific bluefin tuna continues to rise and unless those fisheries put in place conservation measures and management developed for the Western Central Pacific Ocean, including the decline in catches of juvenile fish, you can not expect that their status will improve in the short term.
As for other species such as pufferfish from China, it is estimated that its population has fallen by 99.99 percent over the past 40 years because of lasobreexplotación, as it is one of four species of fugu most consumed as sashimi. They have implemented conservation measures, but according to IUCN remains “urgent monitor catches to prevent the extinction of the species.”
As for the American eel is listed as’ threatened ‘because of barriers to migration, climate change, parasites, pollution, habitat loss and capture business. Also, due to declining populations of Japanese eel, the intensive farming industry eel East Asia is trying to restock with other species such as American eel. This has led to increased reports of illegal fishing of American eel in the United States.
The Cobra China was recently rated as Vulnerable because its population has dropped from 30 to 50 percent the last 20 years. Cobras of the Chinese are mostly in southeast China, Taiwan, northern Vietnam and Laos are among the main species of animals exported from mainland China to Hong Kong for food markets. Although international trade in the species is regulated, IUCN urges strengthening national conservation efforts to ensure its survival.
66 chameleons endangered and two extinct species
In the update of the Red List also highlights several endangered species such as 66 chameleon species such as the giant horned chameleon blade East Usambara (Tanzania); Butterfly dart black grass, which is found only north of the coastal region of New South Wales (Australia) and is primarily threatened by the invasion of introduced grasses and coastal developments that destroy habitat.
The update states two species as extinct because of habitat destruction. The first is the Plectostoma sciaphilum , an endemic snail on a limestone hill in Peninsular Malaysia since the hill has been completely destroyed by a company dedicated to the extraction of limestone. The IUCN warns that the future of many other species in the region is uncertain for similar reasons therefore calls “urgently greater commitment to prevent future extinctions.”
Another species, the giant earwig St. Helena ( Labidura Herculean ), the largest earwig is known in the world, which can measure up to 80 mm., is also extinct. Previously he could find in the plain of Horse Point, a protected area on the island of St. Helena area. The last sighting of a live adult of this species dates back to May 1967. Since the early 60s, their habitat has been degraded by removal for construction purposes almost all stone surfaces that afforded him refuge. Increasing pressure from predators such as mice, rats and invasive invertebrate species also contributed to the extinction of the earwig.
The president of the Committee for the Survival of Species IUCN, Simon Stuart, these recent extinctions could have been avoided through greater habitat protection. “Today’s update also highlights two amphibian species that have improved their status through successful management of the Reserve Infant Gold in Colombia, where they are located. We have to become more responsible for our actions to see many more success stories like this and have a positive impact on the health of our planet, “he said
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