Scientists at Oregon Health & Science University and Research Center Oregon National Primate (ONPRC) have managed for the first time successfully reprogrammed human skin cells into stem cells capable of becoming embryonic any other type of cell in the body . Derived embryonic stem cells might be able to restore the damage caused by an injury or illness and, for some time, cell therapy is considered as one of the most promising for the treatment of diseases such as Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic Multiple, heart disease and spinal cord injuries.
The technique used by Shoukhrat Mitalipov, Paula Amato, and colleagues is a variant of a commonly used method called somatic cell nuclear transfer or SCNT, the same as used to create Dolly the sheep, the first cloned animal world. With this technique is transplanted nucleus of a cell, which contains the DNA of an individual, in an egg that has had its genetic material removed. The fertilized egg develops and produces results stem cells.
The results, published in the journal Cell , open new avenues for the use of stem cells, to hear more about the specific causes of the disease and to the development of personalized therapies. It is the first time that human embryonic stem cells obtained from human skin cells, which in turn announced it had achieved the Korean scientist Hwang, who proved to be a scientific dud, or claimed to have got also the controversial Robert Lanza , Institute of Advanced Cell Technology.
Cell therapy
“Our finding provides new ways to generate stem cells to tissues and organs in patients with dysfunctional or damaged” underscores Mitalipov because, remember, these stem cells can regenerate and replace damaged tissues and cells and alleviate diseases that affect millions people.
Unlike the techniques used to generate induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS), which generated some concern in the scientific community due to unexpected mutations may occur in cells, cell nuclear transfer Somatic seem safer. However, so far the results in animals, mouse and monkey, had offered no positive results.
To overcome these obstacles, the team worked on familiar ground Mitalipov: his technique to produce or cloned monkey embryos by somatic cell nuclear transfer. Then nuclei transferred to human skin cells in the cytoplasm of human eggs, which generated blastocysts that gave rise to colonies of human embryonic stem cells. And, unlike other techniques, they resembled those derived from fertilized embryos, had no chromosomal abnormalities , had normal activity of the gene and were able to become other types of specialized cells could be used in cell therapy.
And surprisingly, the researchers found that the best results were observed in donors who gave a low number of cells, but high quality. “We thought that to achieve somatic cell nuclear transfer in humans would take thousands of human eggs, but we were able to produce a line of human embryonic stem cells using only two human eggs , which makes this approach very practical for therapeutic use. “
Therapeutic Cloning
Experts stress that even though their method could be considered as a technique for cloning stem cells, commonly called therapeutic cloning , it is not likely to be successful in producing human clones , which is known as reproductive cloning . In fact, this technique has investigated momos for years and have not been able to produce clones of monkey.
as Mitalipov clarifies, “Our research is directed toward generating stem cells for use in future treatments to fight the disease. Often, advances occurring in the field of nuclear transfer lead to a public debate on the ethics of human cloning, this is not our goal. Nor do we believe that our findings can be used by others to advance the possibility of human reproductive cloning. “
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