5 scientific milestones that marked 2014 – Radio Bío-Bío

Sunday December 28, 2014 | 13:00 · Updated: Friday December 26, 2014 | 14:46

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Remy Gabalda | AFP

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As is tradition, the journal Science, benchmark in scientific publications, made a selection of the ten discoveries that marked the 2014

We present them below.

Mission Rosetta and the first landing on a comet

With regard to the progress of mankind in space exploration, this year was marked by the Rosetta mission of the Agency Space European (ESA, its acronym in English), which for many defined a new era in space science, the technical complexity of the mission and the new information that may be obtained.

The journey began in 2004, after traveling more than 6,000 miles in 10 years, the probe launched the Philae module that eventually landed on the 67P / Churyumov-Gerasimenko comet to study it carefully and deliver new material for scientists to understand and explain better the behavior and composition of this kind of celestial body.

Unfortunately not everything was perfect, because the probe landed in the expected location and may not receive sunlight to recharge your batteries and keep working. Anyway he managed to deliver valuable information and is awaiting the path of the comet let the sunshine again fall on the probe to re-activate. If so, you can understand the behavior of comets as they approach a star and the effects it has on its composition.

The mission was followed in social networks and especially on Twitter, where the account Probe official told every moment of the mission in several languages.

Rock Art 40,000 years

In February ago, the journal Nature published the results of a scan in a cave in Indonesia, where paintings of between 35,000 and 40,000 years old were found, matching similar sketches found in Europe.

The information technology in recent decades have allowed us to have a record of our existence as never before in history, therefore, finding new expressions of that same feeling of perpetuating moments, is a real window into the minds of our ancestors and human creativity.

Optogenetics and handling
memory

Optogenetics is the manipulation of genes through the light to change structures and behaviors of cells and tissues. While this method became known in 2010, this scientific year could change “bad” memories of “good” memories in mice through neuronal handling.

This technology could be used, for example, to delete traumatic memories or turn on and off specific genes and their impact on our body.

Robotics, a step forward thanks to the nature

Thousands of small robots imagine working in combination ?. Scientists at Harvard University 1000 created small robots that work in a coordinated manner through infrared links that allow them to have a similar bees swarming behavior.

These automata may have multiple applications, such as scanning or building in areas where humans can not reach or too dangerous to do so.

Chips based on the human brain

The human brain has a network of nearly 86,000 million neurons trillion connections between them that allow operation that no computer is not matched by faster than this is

IBM | TrueNorth

While there have been significant advances in computational materials in recent years, the American company IBM wanted to step forward and that was based on the behavior of the human brain. It was thus born TrueNorth chip that allows 256 million connections and forms the foundation for the future of computing, with transistors that analyze and process many more data than a traditional chip.

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