Rosetta and Philae module top the list of highlights of Science not only for their feat of reaching the comet 67P / Churyumov-Gerasimenko, but by science to perform with the data . collected
The Italian Andrea Accomazzo, flight director ship of the European Space Agency (ESA) whose module landed on November 12 on the comet, said in Nature : “It was like going to a peak of 8000 meters and return alive.”
Among other findings, the probe allowed to know that the water in comets is different from Earth’s oceans.
According to the deputy director of news from Science , Robert Coontz, the findings of the year must “solve a problem that people have been struggling for a long time or opening the door to a lot of research new “.
For Rosetta,” most of good science really is coming, “Coontz said.
Surveys of Science
The paleontological discovery of the year was the correct calculation of the age of some paintings of animals in a cave in Indonesia believed they were made 10,000 years ago, but they really were between 35,000 and 40,000 years, which suggests that humans in Asia produced symbolic art on par with Europeans.
Science also recognized a series of articles comparing fossils of primitive birds and dinosaurs to modern birds and allowed to reveal the genetic evolution of different species of birds.
also appreciated an experiment that showed that GDF11 factor the blood of young mouse can rejuvenate the muscles and brain of older mice, and that has led to a clinical trial that Alzheimer’s patients receiving plasma from young donors.
Notable studies are, Additional research of Harvard University who was inspired by the behavior of termites to create a group of robots that coordinate with each other and are able to create structures without human supervision.
Nature chose the same research, led by the Indian Radhinka Nagpal, who with his team created a group of 1,024 robots that coordinate with each other as do ants, termites and bees.
list Science also includes an investigation, using optogenetic technique -a manipulating neuronal activity with light-rays, allowed show that it is possible to manipulate specific memories in mice.
In the area of neuroscience, highlighted the first chips “neuromorphic” which mimic the architecture of the human brain and are designed to process information more similarly to as do the living brains.
Two pioneering research developed two different methods for culturing cells that resemble cells producing insulin-the beta cells of páncreas- were also recognized for their worth to give researchers an opportunity “unprecedented” to study diabetes.
In the area of technology, excelled small satellites known as Cubesats , while in genetics, highlighted a synthetic bacteria E. coli that could be used to create proteins designer “unnatural” amino acids.
After Rosetta and the “swarm of robots”, the fight against Ebola appears, a disease that killed more than 6,000 people in its last outbreak in West Africa. Nature figure underlines the researcher Sierra Leone Humarr Khan, part of the team that developed the first studies of the genetic sequence of the virus.
Khan died on July 29 after catching him same disease working in the Kenema Government Hospital in Sierra Leone, where he conducted studies that shed light on the mutations of the virus.
Nature , also falls in the top ten scientific achievements year initiative Pete Frates to draw attention Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), which grossed u $ s115 million.
The campaign, known as the “challenge bucket of ice water” ( Ice Bucket Challenge), flooded social networks with over 17 million videos, including those recorded computer mogul Bill Gates, former US President George W. Bush and the three sons of physicist Stephen Hawking, he ALS patient himself.
The American astrophysicist David Spergel is in the top ten scientific achievements of 2014 after having discovered an error in the data of the team that announced in March that it had first detected the presence gravitational waves, one of the physical consequences of the theory of general relativity by Albert Einstein.
Spergel found that measurements of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics in Massachusetts with telescope BICEP2, installed in the South Pole, had not taken into account the distortion produced by the cosmic dust.
Following Spergel skepticism regarding the discovery, the scientific community began to shuffle the nomination of the Harvard-Smithsonian team Nobel Prize to discuss the problems arising from scientific discoveries announced too early.
The Iranian Maryam Mirzakhani, the first woman to win the Fields Medal in mathematics since the inception of the award in 1936, also appears prominently in list Nature , like the Japanese Masayo Takahashi, for his pioneering research into stem cells.
Kipillil Radhakrishnan is the most visible face of the mission to Mars probe Indian Mangalyaan, a milestone that had not achieved any Asian country so far.
The American oncologist Suzanne Topalian is known for developing anti-cancer immune therapy, while Sjors Scheres, British University of Cambridge appears among scientists of the year by advancing a microscopy technique to detect electrons more effectively and observe proteins with a previously unknown resolution.
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